There are many legitimate reasons for employers to give preemployment physical exams to applicants and periodic exams to current employees--for example, to identify substance abusers, to encourage good health practices by employees, and to ensure that a job candidate is physically capable of performing the required tasks of a particular job. Employers that require a physical exam of applicants or employees must be sure that exam requirements comply with state and federal laws. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) restricts an employer's ability to require medical exams, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has provided employers with guidelines for determining what is considered a medical exam under the Act. The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) also requires employers to comply with its regulations when medical information is required to verify the need for a leave. Other issues include who pays for the exam and restrictions on the disclosure of medical information.