The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), as amended by the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA) prohibits employers from discriminating against a qualified individual with a disability. Employers with 15 or more employees are covered. The ADA protects qualified individuals from discrimination on the basis of disability in all aspects of the employment process, including recruitment, hiring, rates of pay, upgrading, and selection for training. The ADA also requires a covered employer to reasonably accommodate a qualified individual unless it can show that by doing so it would suffer an undue hardship. There are strategies for determining the need for reasonable accommodation and information on an employer's obligations under the law. The ADA also protects applicants and employees from discrimination based on their association with people with disabilities.

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) prohibits employers from using the genetic information of employees, applicants, or their family members to discriminate against employees or applicants. GINA also prohibits employers from requesting or requiring genetic information.